Thermostatically controlled



June 1.9, 1934. u F, wQBlRTcH RC- 19,212

n THERIIOSTATICALLY CONTROLLED HETER original Filed Mrcn 4, 1932 INVENToR., Fred M Bfrch ATTORNgx/s.

n meridione- 19,1934 Re. 19,2142- i Fred W. Birtch', Lexington, Miclmassignor ofone-half to` HarryA. Shaw original N0. 1,898,419, M Febl'llnry 2l, 1933,

Serial No. 5965708, March 4, 1932. Application for reissue Much 2, 1933,v Serial No. 859,352

1s claim. (CL zot-137.)

.The invention relates to thermostatically conelement is highly compoundedin a simplemantrolled heating devices and it has particular ner. with few parts, and without loading vof lthe relation to a thermostatically controlled heating thermostat in an appreciable manner. l device for hot .water tanks. Another object of the invention is to provide Thermostatic controlling of heater units for athermostaticallyl controlled. fuel valve which 00 hot water-*tanks and the like involves many diillis opened and closed rapidly and powerfully, culties. If an electrical unit is employed, the without drag in its movement, and without apthermostat should cause closing and opening of \'preciable loading of the thermostat. u an 'electrical' switch controlling the heating unit Another object of the invention is to provide a o circuit, without arcing of the electrical current, thermostatically controlled heater for hot water as such arcing always interferes with uniform tanks and the like, which is very simple in conoperation of the heater, necessitates measures struction, very durable, positive and non-varying tocompensate for deterioration of contact points. in its action, and in general which will -insure and shortens the life of4 the switch. Moreover, heating of Vthe water through any given range of the controlling of this switch should be eected temperatures, in a constantly uniform, accurate.

with minimum or no eiect on the thermostat, and dependable manner.

as any interference of this character tends to l Another object of the inventionlsto provide an vary the operation of the latter. improved electrical control including a switch in In the fuel burning heater unit, the thermostat which the contacts are separated and brcllght 0 must control operation of a valve, and frequently together '.'quickly and powerfully and without 75 moving this valve prevents operation of the ther-l Deticable arcin 0f currentj mostat in the desired manner. Moreover it is Other objects of the invention will be apparent g vimportant that the valve open and close quickly from the following description taken in conjuncto avoid drag in operating conditions, and prevent tion with the drawing, and from the claims here- 5 overheating or overcooling of the water. inafter set forth.

Ineither case, it is very desirable that the For a hetter understanding of the invention thermostat operate with minimum or no interreference may be had t0 the'acccmpenyng drawference, even though it controls an electric switch, i118 fcrlnng Dart 0f the SDecicBtiOn, Wheren or a fuel valve. Also it is important that the Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a 0 switch be closed or opened rapidly and with hot water heaterinwhich one embodiment of the 85 y great power to avoid arcing of current, and to invention is incorporated; l

insure operation of the switch at the proper times Fig. 2 1S a ONSS-Sectional View, cn e lrgel Scale. without drag in operating conditions. In the taken substantially alone the line 2-2 of Fis. 1, case of the fuel valve, it is equally important and illustrating the thermostatically controlled that the valve close and open at the proper times, Switch; nkewise with power and rapidity to avoid drag Fis. 3 is a cross-sectional view takensubstanin the control of the heater. l -lllly 810118 the line 3-3 0f Fl$ 2. and lllllStrBt- One object of this invention is to provide a in! the switch in closed positicn; thermostatically controlled switch, which is F18. 4 iS a crOSS-Secticnl View taken Substanopened and closed rapidly and powerfully to tlally along the line 4-4 0f F18'- 2 8nd illustrating 95 avoid arcing of electrical current or drag in op-l the Switch in circuit breaking 15081131011; erating conditions, and to insure uniform, accu- F18 5 1S a fragmentary cross-Sectional View rate and dependable operation of the thermoillustrating hcw the arrangement Shown by F18. 2

'static control, may be employed for controlling a fuel supply 5 Another object ofthe invention is to provide Valve instead cf en electrical circuit; 100

a thermostatically controlled switch of the above F18. 6 i8 e fragmentary crOSS-Sectlcnel View mentioned type, in which such operation'of the. illustrating 8 Slightly different type 0f thermeswitch is effected without noticeably. interfering Static cOuDling 101' the Switch 0l' Velve- Wth the normal and desired operation of the Referring t0 Fig- 1. hct Water tnkiSinf-llcaed l thermostat, and without undesirable loading .of at 10 and in the Particular type illustrated, an UD- 105 the latter, or undesirable stressing of any parts per compartment 1l iS Provided 1'01 the Water and that might affect operation of the thermostat. a lower compartment 12 for a heating unit. For

Another object of the invention is to provide heating the water in the compartment ll a water a thermostatically controlled electric switch, in coil 13 is provided which extends into the lower l which movement of the thermostatic movable compartment 12 and surrounds an electrical heat- 110 ing unit 14.` When the heating unit is energized the heat is transferred to the water in the coil 13 and circulation'of the water in the latter results ln a transfer of heatto the water in the upper compartment. The present invention has particular relation to a thermostatically controlled switch for governing an electric circuit including the heating unit so that the water in the upper compartment 11 may be heated in a predetermined manner.

As shown, the upper end of the coil 13 has a tubular support 15 for guidingly supportinga copper tube 16 which extends through the upper end of the tank. An invar rod 17 is disposed within the copper tube 16 and isconnected to the lower end of the latter as indicated at 18. Accordingly, it will be evident that the copper tube and invar rod both are located in the water in the upper compartment and since the copper has a much higher coeilicient of expansion than that of the invar rod, expansion or contraction of the copper tube will be relativeiy greater than that of the invarrod 'for any variation in temperature of the water in the tank. This variation in movement between the copper tube and invar rodwhen sub--A jected toV temperatures, is employed to control theI electrical switch which in turn controis the heating unit 14.

Now, as particularly shown by Figs. 3 and 4, it will be noted that the copper tube 16 is threaded into an oii'set tubular portion 21 of a switch housing indicated at 22, and such tubular portion is threaded at its free end so that it may be threaded into the upper end wall of the hot water tank and hence maintained rigidly in position. From this it will be evident that the free end ci the copper tube disposed in the vhot water in the tank, may move inwardly or outwardly as itstempeature increases or decreases respectively, and that the switch housing and the end of the copper tube connected thereto will be maintained rigidly ln position as a result of the connection between the housing and the tank. Inasmuch as the copper tube will expand and contract more than the invar rod 17, movement of the latter at that end opposite its connection with the copper tube, is

' employed for controlling the electric switch. The

in'slidable relation therewith, and on the opposite side of the housing is threaded into a manually controlled disc 24, which has a tubular por- .tion closely fitting but slidable in an opening inthe housing wall so that movement of the end of the rod will be positively and accurately guided throughA the housmg. mwanuy or the disc 24, a block 26 is slidably mounted on the rod and between the block and the end of the disc portion 25, a strong spring 27 may be provided, which is of such strength that in normal operation of the switch, or full control, pull on the invar rod will compress it little, if any. Inwardly of the block 26, a second b lock 28 seats on the opposite housing wall and the invar rod likewise slidably prv.i.`

jects through this block. The spring 27 in one capacity may constitute a safety feature to -prevent possible breakage in the event the temperature continued to rise for any reason whatever. This spring especially seems desirable in the larger types of switches and fuel controls.

The upper surface of the block 28 is provided with a V-shaped projection 30 and the lower surface of the block 261s similarly provided with a V-shaped projection 31, the latter projection being substantially in alignment with the axis of the invar rod 17 while the projection 30 is disposed slightly to one side and between this axis and the end of the housing wall adjacent the rod. Between the blocks 26 and 28, the rod loosely passes through an arm 32 which hasailf-jhape notch 33 adapted to receive the projection 3i", and a V-shape notch 34 adapted to receive the projection 30. It should be understood that the notches are of suiilcient angular dimensions that fulcruming movement of the arm 32 will be permitted although of course the sharp edges of the projections will seat in the apices of the notches.

The arm 32 extends longitudinally in thehous- `ing 22 and as shown best by Fig. 2, has its free end bifurcated to provide legs 35 and 36. Each of the legs 35 and 36, as best shown by Fig. 3, has a notch 37 formed in its end face which is of V shape, and such notches on both legs receive V shaped ends 38 of a U shapedarm 39 'disposed between the end of arm 32 and that end of the housing. remote with respect to the invar rod connection. The angle between the 4sides of the V shaped ends of the member 39 is smaller than the angle between sides defining the notches 37 so that the member 39 may fulcrum in such notches between limits defined by the diierence between such angles, although it isapparent that of these slots closely corresponds` to the diameter of the trunnion portions but the slots are longer than such diameter to permit, if necessary, such as when any wear occurs, some movement of the member 39 longitudinally of the arm 32 and with respect to thetrunnions.

Adjacent the notches 37, the legs 35 and 36 of the arm 32 are provided withinwardly directed projections 47 and 48 which in this instance constitute inner lend portions of screws 49 and 50'. The inner ends of the screws, or the projections, are V shaped as shown in' Fig. 4, with the apex of the V portions directed away from the notches 37. Such V .shaped projections extend into notches 50 formed in the .end faces of legs 5l and -52 of a second U shaped arm 53 disposed between the legs 35 and 36 of the arm 32. It, of course,.

its

which is greater than the angle of the V shaped projections 47 and 48 so that the member 53 may fulcrum within limits on such projections, and vthat the apices oi' the projection seat in the apices ofthe notches.

screw connections 55 and 56, to whichA opposite ends of a spring 57 are connected. 'I'his spring is oi' extremely strong' character and it will be The base portions. of the U- shaped members 39 and 53, respectively, have evident in view of the provision of elongated slots 45 for receiving the ltrurinions 42 and 4 3, that the spring will maintain the member 39 seated in the notches 37 without interference as a' result of the trunnions engaging the end of the openings'45, and that the member 53 likewise will be maintained strongly fulcrumed on the.

projections 47 and 48..- -Accordingly, the spring exerts its force through `the members 39 and -53 the projections 47 and 48, and with no elect on moving the arm 32 lengthwise of the housing.

The lower wall of the housing as shown in Fig.

4, is provided with an insulated contact screw 60 which extendsthrough the wall into a position where it may be engaged by the base portion of the U-shaped member 53. A second contact 61 is threaded through the same wall of the housing ln a position where it may be engaged by the base of th'e U-shaped member 39, and these contacts are connected in suitable electrical circuits to the heater unit 14 so that when the contacts are bridged by a conductor, the heater unit will be energized and when the contacts are separated from the conductor, the heater unit will not be energized. The U-members 39 and 53 together and in conjunction with the arm 32 may constitute this conductor and when they engage the contacts 60 and 61 it is apparent that the heater unitwill be energized.

It ls apparent also that as long as the arm 53 engages contact 60, the currentwill be completed as current may ow from the screw 61 and through the housing 20, arms 32 and 53, to the contact 60. Thus the circuit remains completed during pivotal movement of arm 39 away from screw 61', until arm `53 leaves screw 60.

Also as shown by Fig. 4 a; relatively .strong spring 62 is disposed between the lower side of the arm 32 and the housing wall and in such position that it urges the arm 32 upwardly. Screws or suitable adjusting members 63 and 64 also are threaded through the opposite wall of the housing for engagement respectively with the opposite sides ofI the base portions of U members 53 and 39`. 'I'hese screws as shown are substantially aligned with'the contact screws'60 and 6l.

In operation of the heater unit and thermostatically controlled switch, attention is rst directed to Fig. 3 which shows the U members 39 and 53 engaging the contact screws 61 and 60 respectively, and hence the unit 14 is energized. As the water in the tank becomes warmer, it is apparent that the copper tube'16 will elongate and hence pull the invar rod 17 further into the tank. As this occurs, itL is apparent that the block 26 will `be moved toward the arm 32 and hence that the V projection 31 'wi1l be urged against the apex of notch 33 in the arm. As the projection 30 is seated in the notch 34, this movement of the invar rod and block 26` will cause the arm 32 to fulcruin about the projection 34 and hence the free end of the arm to move toward the lower housing wall, against the action -of spring 62. As the free end of the arm 32 moves downwardly, the U member 39 will fulcrum about the trunnions 42 and 43 although slight longitudinal movement of the member may occur as a result of the arcuate movement of the arm. As the member 39 sofulcrums, it is apparent that, the end of the spring connected thereto will be moved upwardly and when this movement is sufflcient, to substantially align the spring 57 with the projections 47 and 48, the spring moving past 'the dead center or neutral position, will cause the ann 53 to leave cont-act 60 and move into engagement with screw 63. Owing to the strength of the spring 57, and the fact that it is under considerable tension, this movement of arm 53 is instantaneous and actual tests show that there is no drag in its movement away from the contact. Such tests show also that arcing of electrical current as the arm leaves the contact, is eliminated. Simultaneously, or substantially so,

against the bases of the notches 37, and against with the movement of arm 53, the spring 57,

causes the arm 39 to move against the screw 64.

At this time it is desired to call attention to the manner in which the movement of the invar rod is compounded in operating the switch. Ordinarily the. range of temperature change will only be such as to cause a movement of the invar rod a very small distance, as for example one thousandth of an inch. This movement is magnified at the free end. of arm 32, for example 30 times.

`In turn, any movement of the free end'of arm 32 causeswa movement of the base portion of U member 39, which may be magnified, for example, 5 times. It follows that any movement of the invar rod is compounded, for example, 150 times in a. movement of the base portionA of arm 39.

When the circuit is so broken,.the water may then begin to cool, and as it'cools the rinvar rod moves outwardly, and the spring ,62 consequently moves the arm 32 upwardly, from the position shown in Fig. 3. As this movement continues, spring 57 will iinally be brought into action to throw the arms 39 and 53 reversely, and the elecftric circuit will again be completed.

It has been stated that arm 39 is moved quickly to screw 64. by spring 57, when the arm 32 in moving downwardly reaches the centerline position, and conversely, the arm 39 is moved quickly to screw 6l by spring 57, when the arm 32 in moving upwardly reaches the center line position. seemingly, when `the arm 32 has so moved downwardly, and arm 39 moves toward screw 64, the spring 57 acting through arm 39 tends to fulcrum the latter about the trunnions 42 and 43, and hence to move arm 32 against the action of spring 62. It appears that this force of spring 57, co-

acting with the tensioned condition of the invar rod.v spring 27 and compressed condition of the copper tube, which p arts naturally act to relieve their tensioned and compressed condition, is sufficient to overcome spring 62 sulciently to permit such movement of arm 32 still further andarm 39 to screw 64. While this appears to be a reason why arm 32 moves to allow arm 39 to move to screw 64, possibly other conditions may be more or less responsible, as for example, the infinitesimal character of movement of the arm 32 at the vinvar rod end, or possibly a slight resiliency or give in the parts, or a slight permissibility of s play. Conversely, when the invar rod moves up, as the temperature decreases, and the arm 32 moves past the centerline sufficiently to permit arm 39 to engage screw 61, the movement of arm 32 may be permitted and caused as a result of spring 57, in combination with spring 62, Y

overcoming spring. 27. "At any rate, arm 39 quickly and rapidly moves to its extreme positions when the thermostat has moved ory allowed arm 32 to 4' move to the centerline position. l

Adjustment of the disc 24 permits a variation in the high and low Itemperature of any given range. To vary the range, the positions of screws 61 and 64011 one of them may be varied, and it is evident that if the-inner ends of the screws are'spaced spaced, the greater the range of temperature and vice versa. Also, the range of temperature might be varied by adjusting screws 60 and 63 or one of them. Preferably however it is desired to adjust screws 60 and 63, or at least screw 60, according to/voltage of the-electric current used, or in'other words if a higher voltage is employed, such screws will be spaced a greater distance, and particularly screw 60 will be threaded further out of the casing. In the event a different voltage is utilized, and it isdesired to maintain the same temperature range, the variation in spacing of screws 60 and 63, may be compensated for, by a reverse variation in spacing of screws 61 and 64, or one of them as the case requires. Y

As shown by Fig. 5, the arrangement previously described may be employed to control a fuel valve such as a valve for controlling the flow of gas to a gas burner. In this construction, instead of using'a screw contact 60, a valve 70 may be connected to the base of the U-member 53 and a valve seat 'l1 provided in the wall of the housing. Of course in this type of construction the housing will be sealed against the escape of fuel except through the valve and an opening will be provided for the flow of the fuel either into the housing or out of it to supply fuel either to the burner or to the housing depending upon whether or not the valve is connected directly to the burner or merely supplies fuel to the housing and the latter in turn supplies fuel to the burner. It will be appreciated, of course, that the val`v'e will close and open powerfully and quickly to entirely eliminate drag, and operate substantially in the same way as the arm 53.

The construction shown by Fig. 6, is similar to those previously described except that the spring 27 is eliminated. It may be stated here that while the spring 27 is preferably used, especially for large types of controls and as a safety feature, and that the spring may be of assistance in permitting arm 39 to move to its extreme positions, engaging the screws 61 and 64, a quick and powerful movement of such `arm 's obtained even in its absence. Actual use Aof devices of this character without spring 27, shows that the arm 32 so moves and in a very rapid manner.

Although but one specic embodiment of this invention has been herein shown and described, it will be understood that numerous details of the construction shown may be altered or omitted without departing from the spirit of this inven#y tion as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. A thermostatic control for h'eat exchange units comprising a support, a member i'ulcrurned on the support, means including a thermostat for moving the member about its fulcrum, a pair oi' arms fulcrumed respectively at spacedpoints on the free end of the member, a tensioned spring connecting the free ends of the arms, and means for fulcruming one of such arms on the support.

2. A thermostatic control for heat. exchange units comprising a support, a member fulcrumed on the support, means includingl a thermostat for moving the member about its fulcrum, a pair of arms fulcrumed respectively at spaced points on` the free end of the member, a tensioned spring connecting the free ends of the arms, and means for fulcruming one of such arms on the support,

said last mentioned means being such as to allow the spring to seat such one arm on its fulcrum on the member.

3. A- thermostatic control for heat exchange units comprising a support, a member fulcrumed on the support, means including a thermostat for moving the member about its fulcmm, a pair oi' arms fulcrumed respectively at lspaced points on the free end of the member, a tensioned spring connectingthefree ends of the arms, and means for fulcruming one of such arms on the support, said last mentioned ,means being such as to allow the arm to move longitudinally of the member.

4. A thermostatic control for heat exchange comprising a support, a member fulcrumed on the support, means including a thermostat engaging the member close to its fulcrum for moving the member, an arm extending beyond the free end of the member and ffulcrurned on the latter, means pivotally mounting the arm on the support,l adjacent its fulcrum on the end ofthe member, whereby a small movement of the therlimiting the throw of one of the arms, as the spring passes its fulcrum point.

`a member fulcrumed on the support, means for moving the member about its fulcrum, a pair of arms fulcrumed respectivelyvat adjacent points on.' the free end of the member, a tensioned spring connecting the free ends of the arms,

means for fulcruming one'of said arms on the support, and an electrical contact on the support adapted to engage one of said members.

6. An electrical control comprising a support, a member movably mounted on the support, arms movably engaging the member at adjacent points to permit pivotal movement of the arms relative to the member, and projecting in opposite direction from such points, means for fulcruming one arm on`the support, a tensioned spring connecting remotely disposed ends of the arms, an electrical contact adapted to be engaged by one arm, and means for moving the member.

7. An electrical control, comprising a support,

5. An electrical control comprising a support,

a member movably mounted on vthe support, arms movably engaging the member at adjacent points to permit pivotal movement of the arms relative to the member, and projecting in, opposite directions from such points, means for fulcruming one arm on the support, a tensioned spring connecting remotely disposed ends of the arms, an electrical contact adapted to `be engaged by one arm, means for moving the member, and means for limiting pivotal movement of the arms.

8. An electrical control comprising a support, a member movably mounted on the support, an arm fulcrumed on the member, another arm movablyv engaging andprojecting from the member in a direction opposite to theJirst arm, means for fulcruming the second .arm on the support, a tensioned -spring connecting free ends of the arms, an electrical contact adapted to be engaged by one arm, and means for, moving themember in a direction transversely of the spring.

9. An electrical control comprising a support, a member movably mounted on the support, arms fulcrumed on the member and projecting in oppostte directions therefrom, means fulcruming one arm on the support at a point intermediate its ends but permitting movement of the arm in its own plane towards and from the member, a tensioned spring connecting free ends of the arms, means for moving the member in a direction Ymeans including anelectrical contact for limittransversely of the spring, and an electric contact operatively engageable by one oi the arms.

10. An electrical control comprising a support, a member movably mounted on the support, arms tulcrumed on the member and projecting in opposite directions therefrom, means fulcruming one arm on the support at a point intermediate its ends but permitting movement of the arm in its own plane towards and from the member, a tensioned spring connecting free ends of the arms, means for moving the member in a direction transversely of the spring, and an electric contact operatively engageable by one oi' the arms, said i'ulcrums for fulcruming the arms on the member being oi' substantially knife edge character.

11. An electrical control comprising a support, a member movably mounted on the support, an arm'i'ulcrumed at one end on the member, a second arm having one end adjacent the fulcrum and projecting in a direction opposite to the rst arm, means fulcruming the second arm intermediate its ends on the support, a tensioned spring connecting remotely disposed ends oi' Athe arm, means operatively connecting the member and the inner end of the second arm to cause fulcruming movement of the latter during movement oi the member, and means including an electrical contact for limitingiulcruming movement of the irst arm when the spring passes the dead center position relative to said arm. f

12. An electrical control comprising a support, a pair of arms disposed generally in end-to-end relation, a tensioned spring connecting remote ends of the arms, means fulcruming one arm intermediate its ends on the support, movable control means iulcrumingly supporting the end of the other arm and operatively engaging the inner end oi' the arm iulcrumed onthe support, and means Iincluding an electrical contact for limiting fulcruming movement oi the arm i'ulcrumf ingly supported on the movable means, said lastmentioned arm being free of any fulcruming engagement with the support. A

13. An electrical control comprising a support, an elongated member i'ulcrumed on the support, a pair of arms disposed generally in end-to-end relation adjacent the outer'end o! the member, means i'ulcrumingly supporting the inner end ot one arm on the i'ree end oi' the member, means operatively connecting the inner end of the other arm with the member, means-.fulcruming the lastmentioned arm intermediate its ends on the support, a tensioned spring operatively connecting the free ends of the arms, and means including an electrical contact for limiting fulcruming movement of the ilrst arm, said first arm being free oi any fulcruming engagement with the support between the electrical contact limiting means and the tulcrum for the arm.

14. An electrical control comprising a pair of arms disposed in generally end-to-end relation, a tensioned spring operatively connecting free ends of the arms, movable means operatively engaging the inner ends of the arms for moving such ends transversely to the spring, means for eii'ecting movement oi' the free end of one arm during and in a direction opposite to the movement of the movable means without moving the free end ofthe other arm in said direction until the spring passes its dead center position, and

pivotally mounted on the member and projecting in opposite directions therefrom, a tensioned spring connecting Ireeends of the arms,- means operabie upon movement oi' said member for eiecting pivotal 'movement of the free end of one arm and the end of the spring connected thereto in a direction opposite tothe movement oi the member and prior toany substantial movement in said opposite direction of the other end of the spring connected to the other arm, and electrical contact means for limiting movement of the last mentioned arm after the spring passes its dead center position.

16. An electrical control comprising a support, a member movably mounted on the support, arms pivotally mounted on the member and projecting in opposite directions therefrom, a tensioned spring rconnecting the remote ends ot the arms, a fulcrum on the support for fulcruming one arm intermediate its ends and intermediate the ends of the spring and operable upon movement of said member for effecting movement oi' the free end of said arm and the end of the spring connected thereto in a direction opposite to the movement of the member and prior to movement in said opposite direction of the other end of `end of the member and projecting in opposite directions therefrom, a tensioned spring connectlng the remote ends of the arms, a Iulcrum on the support i'or fulcruming one arm intermediate its ends and intermediate the ends of the spring and operable upon movement of the member i'or effecting movement of the free-end oi `said arm and the end of the spring connected thereto-in a direction opposite to the movement of the member and `prior to a similar movement oi the end of thev spring connected to the other arm, and an electrical contact means for limiting movement of the last mentioned arm. f r 18. An electrical control comprising a support, an elongated member fulcrumed on the suppprt, control means for moving the member, a pair of armsdisposed in generally end-to-end relation at the ireeend of the member, means :fulcrumingly supporting adjacent ends of the arms on the free end of the member, a tensioned spring connectingremote ends oi the armsyand means on the support fulcrumingly engaging one arm between its ends and between the ends of the spring, so that the i'ree end of this arm and the end of the spring connected thereto will be positively moved in a direction opposite the pivotal movement of the member when the latter is moved, the otherY arm being free of fulcruming engagement with the supportbetween the end of the spring connected thereto and its end tulcrumeci on the member.l

. FRED W. BIRTCH. 

